Class 12 NCERT • History Textbook (New Syllabus)
Class 12 History Theme 08: Peasants, Zamindars and the State
Select a topic or study module below to explore agrarian society under the Mughals, peasant categories, village panchayats, women in agriculture, forest dwellers, zamindari privileges, land revenue systems, the Ain-i-Akbari source, and comprehensive board review questions.
Topic 01 • Peasants & Production
Exploring Raiyats, Khud-Kashta and Pahi-Kashta Peasants, Irrigation Techniques, and Jins-i-Kamil Cash Crops
Topic 02 • Village Society & Panchayats
Analyzing Village Panchayat Composition, Headmen (Mandal or Muqaddam), Caste Frictions, and Community Funds
Topic 03 • Women in Agrarian Society
Studying Men and Women Labour Division, Sowing and Harvesting Tasks, Remarriage Customs, and Property Rights
Topic 04 • Forests & Tribes (Janglis)
Investigating Forest Dwellers, Shifting Cultivation, Elephant Capture Trade, and Incorporation into Mughal Empire
Topic 05 • Zamindars & Power
Examining Hereditary Milkiyat Lands, Revenue Collection Privileges, Fortress Controls, and Armed Militias
Topic 06 • Land Revenue System
Analyzing Jama and Hasil Assessments, Zabt System, Todar Mal’s Reforms, and Cash Monetization (Silver Rupya)
Topic 07 • The Ain-i-Akbari
Studying Abu’l Fazl’s Compilation, Imperial Administrative Structure, Statistical Sub-Accounts, and Source Limitations
Module 08 • Solutions & Chapter Review