Class 12 NCERT • Political Science Book 2 (New Syllabus)
Class 12 Pol Science Book 2 Ch 06: The Crisis of Democratic Order
Select a topic or study module below to explore the background of the 1975 Emergency, economic crisis, student agitations, JP movement, declaration of internal emergency, institutional conflicts, excesses, lessons learned, and comprehensive board review questions.
Topic 01 • Background to Emergency
Exploring Post-1971 Economic Turmoil, Inflation, Bangladesh Refugee Burden, Gujarat & Bihar Student Protests
Topic 02 • JP Movement & Judiciary Clash
Analyzing Judicial Supersession Controversy, Jayaprakash Narayan’s Call for Total Revolution, and Ramlila Maidan Rally
Topic 03 • Emergency Proclamation 1975
Studying Allahabad High Court Verdict on Indira Gandhi, June 25 1975 Internal Emergency, and Constitutional Article 352
Topic 04 • Consequences & Censorship
Investigating Suspension of Fundamental Rights, Press Censorship, Arrest of Opposition Leaders, and Maintenance of Internal Security
Topic 05 • Excesses During Emergency
Examining Sanjay Gandhi’s Sterilisation Campaign, Slum Clearances in Delhi, Extrajudicial Detentions, and Shah Commission Inquiry
Topic 06 • Lessons of Emergency
Analyzing Strengths of Indian Democracy, Constitutional Amendments (44th Amendment), and Judicial Review Strengthening
Topic 07 • 1977 Elections & Janata Party
Studying Lifting of Emergency, March 1977 Lok Sabha Polls, Defeat of Congress, and Formation of First Non-Congress Govt
Module 08 • Solutions & Chapter Review